Medical Material Minoxidil / Alopexil 38304-91-5 for Hypertension and Curing Hair Loss

Medical Material Minoxidil / Alopexil 38304-91-5 for Hypertension and Curing Hair Loss

What is Minoxidil?

Minoxidil is the only FDA approved and most widely used ingredient for hair regrowth as of today. It was first used as an oral drug to lower blood pressure. It was soon found to stimulate hair growth in those who took it to lower blood pressure. Rigorous clinical studies have confirmed this "side effect" and its FAD approvals for hair regrowth as topical solutions were granted, In the 1988, UpJohn Corporation (now known as Rogaine) came out with a topical formulation of Minoxidil at 2%. In the 1990's, UpJohn's patent expired causing the price to come down due numerous generic forms of Minoxidil hitting the market. Rogaine subsequently came out with a 5% Minoxidil solution. Now some Clinics are offering higher than 5% minoxidil to those who do not have satisfactory results with 5% minoxidil.

Basic Information:

Minoxidil
CAS No.:38304-91-5
Name:Minoxidil
Formula:C9H15N5O
Molecular Weight:209.29

Synonyms:
Mimosine;Minoxidil(USP 24);Minoxidil USP/BP;Loniten (TN);U-10,858;2,4-Diamino-6-piperidinopyrimidine 3-N-oxide;Prexidil;6-Amino-1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-imino-4-piperidinopyrimidine;Alopexil;U 10858;Regaine;Minossidile [Italian];Prestwick_521;Minoximen;2,4-Pyrimidinediamine
EINECS:253-874-2
Density:1.52 g/cm3
Melting Point:272-274 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Boiling Point:351.7 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:166.5 °C
Appearance:White crystalline powder
Assay: 98%
Package: Aluminium foiled bag with ziplocked bag inside
Storage: Normal
Application: Medical use.

Description:

Minoxidil is an antihypertensive vasodilator medication. It also slows hair loss and promotes hair regrowth in some people. Now off-patent, it is available over the counter for the treatment of androgenic alopecia.

Medical uses:

Minoxidil, applied topically, is widely used for the treatment of hair loss. It is effective in helping promote hair growth in both men and women with androgenic alopecia. About 40% of men experience hair regrowth after 3-6 months. Minoxidil must be used indefinitely for continued support of existing hair follicles and the maintenance of any experienced hair regrowth. It is the only topical product that isFDA-approved for androgenic hair loss. Treatments usually include a 5% concentration solution that is designed for men, and a 2% concentration solution for women. Minoxidil has been approved for female use by the FDA.

Minoxidil COA

Minoxidil for pattern hair loss:

Minoxidil was originally marketed in a tablet form for the treatment of high blood pressure. One of the side effects of this treatment was unwanted hair growth. This side effect promoted researchers to produce a topical solution for treating hair loss. In some countries, it is available in other formulations such as foam.

Topical minoxidil is used in the treatment of male pattern hair loss in men, and female pattern hair loss in women. It is occasionally useful for other forms of hair loss (alopecia), including alopecia areata, and after hair replacement surgery or chemotherapy.

Minoxidil is marketed in New Zealand as Rogaine™ Topical Solution (5%) and Headway™ Topical Solution (2% and 5%). The 5% solution is probably more effective but it may result in greater irritation than the 2% solution. It is applied to the affected area of the scalp once or twice daily for a minimum of 6 months. If it is found effective, it may be continued long term.

Mechanism of action:

The mechanism by which minoxidil promotes hair growth is not fully understood. Minoxidil is a potassium channel opener, causing hyperpolarization of cell membranes. Hypothetically, by widening blood vessels and opening potassium channels, it allows more oxygen, blood, and nutrients to the follicles. This may cause follicles in the telogen phase to shed, which are then replaced by thicker hairs in a new anagen phase. Minoxidil is a prodrug that is converted by sulfation via the sulfotransferase enzyme SULT1A1 to its active form, minoxidil sulfate. Several studies demonstrated that the activity of sulfotransferase in hair follicles predict minoxidil response in the treatment of hair loss.

Minoxidil is less effective when there is a large area of hair loss. In addition, its effectiveness has largely been demonstrated in younger men who have experienced hair loss for less than 5 years. Minoxidil use is indicated for central (vertex) hair loss only.Minoxidil is also a vasodilator.Two clinical studies are being conducted in the US for a medical device that may allow patients to determine if they are likely to benefit from minoxidil therapy.

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